params.h

// Copyright 2009-2023 NTESS. Under the terms
// of Contract DE-NA0003525 with NTESS, the U.S.
// Government retains certain rights in this software.
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2023, NTESS
// All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of the SST software package. For license
// information, see the LICENSE file in the top level directory of the
// distribution.

#ifndef SST_CORE_PARAM_H
#define SST_CORE_PARAM_H

#include "sst/core/from_string.h"
#include "sst/core/output.h"
#include "sst/core/serialization/serializable.h"
#include "sst/core/serialization/serializer.h"
#include "sst/core/threadsafe.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <utility>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]);

namespace SST {

class ConfigGraph;
class ConfigComponent;
class SSTModelDescription;

namespace Core {
class ConfigGraphOutput;
} // namespace Core

/**
 * Parameter store.
 *
 * Stores key-value pairs as std::strings and provides
 * a templated find method for finding values and converting
 * them to arbitrary types (@see find()).
 *
 * NOTE: Params objects should only be used for simulation
 * initialization, a Params object should not be used as part of an
 * event, as serialization of Params objects only works correctly as
 * part of ConfigGraph serialization.
 */
class Params : public SST::Core::Serialization::serializable
{
private:
    struct KeyCompare
    {
        bool operator()(const std::string& X, const std::string& Y) const
        {
            const char* x = X.c_str();
            const char* y = Y.c_str();

#define EAT_VAR(A, B)                                              \
    do {                                                           \
        if ( *x == '%' && (*(x + 1) == '(' || *(x + 1) == 'd') ) { \
            /* We need to eat off some tokens */                   \
            ++x;                                                   \
            if ( *x == '(' ) {                                     \
                do {                                               \
                    x++;                                           \
                } while ( *x && *x != ')' );                       \
                x++; /* *x should now == 'd' */                    \
            }                                                      \
            if ( *x != 'd' ) goto NO_VARIABLE;                     \
            x++; /* Finish eating the variable */                  \
            /* Now, eat of digits of Y */                          \
            while ( *y && isdigit(*y) )                            \
                y++;                                               \
        }                                                          \
    } while ( 0 )

            do {
                EAT_VAR(x, y);
                EAT_VAR(y, x);
NO_VARIABLE:
                if ( *x == *y ) {
                    if ( '\0' == *x ) return false;
                    x++;
                    y++;
                }
                else {
                    if ( *x < *y ) return true;
                    return false;
                }
            } while ( *x && *y );
            if ( !(*x) && (*y) ) return true;
            return false;

#undef EAT_VAR
        }
    };

    /** Private utility function to convert a value to the specified
     * type and check for errors.  Key is passed only in case an error
     * message needs to be generated.
     *
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @throw std::invalid_argument If value in (key, value) can't be
     * converted to type T, an invalid_argument exception is thrown.
     */
    template <class T>
    inline T convert_value(const std::string& key, const std::string& val) const
    {
        try {
            return SST::Core::from_string<T>(val);
        }
        catch ( const std::invalid_argument& e ) {
            std::string msg = "Params::find(): No conversion for value: key = " + key + ", value =  " + val +
                              ".  Original error: " + e.what();
            std::invalid_argument t(msg);
            throw t;
        }
    }

    /** Private utility function to find a Parameter value in the set,
     * and return its value as a type T.
     *
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found
     * @param found - set to true if the the parameter was found
     * @throw std::invalid_argument If value in (key, value) can't be
     * converted to type T, an invalid_argument exception is thrown.
     */
    template <class T>
    inline T find_impl(const std::string& k, T default_value, bool& found) const
    {
        verifyKey(k);
        // const_iterator i = data.find(getKey(k));
        const std::string& value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) { return default_value; }
        else {
            return convert_value<T>(k, value);
        }
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found,
     *   specified as a string
     * @param found - set to true if the the parameter was found
     */
    template <class T>
    inline T find_impl(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value, bool& found) const
    {
        verifyKey(k);
        const std::string& value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) {
            try {
                return SST::Core::from_string<T>(default_value);
            }
            catch ( const std::invalid_argument& e ) {
                std::string msg = "Params::find(): Invalid default value specified: key = " + k +
                                  ", value =  " + default_value + ".  Original error: " + e.what();
                std::invalid_argument t(msg);
                throw t;
            }
        }
        else {
            found = true;
            try {
                return SST::Core::from_string<T>(value);
            }
            catch ( const std::invalid_argument& e ) {
                std::string msg = "Params::find(): No conversion for value: key = " + k + ", value =  " + value +
                                  ".  Original error: " + e.what();
                std::invalid_argument t(msg);
                throw t;
            }
        }
    }

    typedef std::map<uint32_t, std::string>::const_iterator const_iterator; /*!< Const Iterator type */

    const std::string& getString(const std::string& name, bool& found) const;

    /**
       Private function to clean up a token. It will remove leading
       and trailing whitespace, leading and trailing quotes (single or
       double), and the backslash (\) character before escaped quotes
       of the same type as a leading quote.

       The format of the items depends on where they came from.  The
       string for the items are generated by calling the repr()
       function on them.  For strings, this means they will typically
       be enclosed in single quotes.  It is possible that they end up
       enclosed in double quotes if the string itself contains a
       single quote.  For strings which contain both single and double
       quotes, the repr() will create a single quoted string with all
       internal single quotes escaped with '\'.  Also, any string that
       starts with a quote character, must end with the same quote
       character.

       Examples of strings using double and/or single quotes:
       'This is "a" test'  ->  This is "a" test
       "This is 'a' test" -> This is 'a' test
       'This "is \'a\'" test'  -> This "is 'a'" test
       'This "is \"a\"" test'  -> This "is \"a\"" test
    */
    void cleanToken(std::string& token) const;

    /**
       Private function for creating tokens from a delimited list.
       Delimiters inside of quotes (single or double) are ignored.
    */
    void getDelimitedTokens(const std::string& value, char delim, std::vector<std::string>& tokens) const;

public:
    typedef std::string                    key_type; /*!< Type of key (string) */
    typedef std::set<key_type, KeyCompare> KeySet_t; /*!< Type of a set of keys */

    /**
     * Enable or disable parameter verification on an instance
     * of Params.  Useful when generating a new set of Params to
     * pass off to a module.
     *
     * @return returns the previous state of the flag
     */
    bool enableVerify(bool enable)
    {
        bool old       = verify_enabled;
        verify_enabled = enable;
        return old;
    }

    /**
     * Enable, on a global scale, parameter verification.  Used
     * after construction of the config graph so that warnings are
     * not generated during construction.
     */
    static void enableVerify() { g_verify_enabled = true; };

    /**
     * Returns the size of the Params.  This will count both local and
     * global params.
     *
     * @return number of key/value pairs in this Params object
     */
    size_t size() const;
    /**
     * Returns true if the Params is empty.  Checks both local and
     * global param sets.
     *
     * @return true if this Params object is empty, false otherwise
     */
    bool   empty() const;

    /** Create a new, empty Params */
    Params();

    /** Create a copy of a Params object */
    Params(const Params& old);

    virtual ~Params() {}

    /**
     *  @brief  Assignment operator.
     *  @param  old  Param to be copied
     *
     *  All the elements of old are copied,  This will also copy
     *  over any references to global param sets
     */
    Params& operator=(const Params& old);

    /**
     * Erases all elements, including deleting reference to global
     * param sets.
     */
    void clear();

    /**
     *  @brief  Finds the number of elements with given key.
     *
     *  The call will check both local and global params, but will
     *  still only report one instance if the given key is found in
     *  both the local and global param sets.
     *
     *  @param  k  Key of (key, value) pairs to be located.
     *  @return  Number of elements with specified key
     *  (either 1 or 0).
     *
     */
    size_t count(const key_type& k) const;

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found
     * @param found - set to true if the the parameter was found
     * @throw std::invalid_argument If value in (key, value) can't be
     * converted to type T, an invalid_argument exception is thrown.
     */
    template <class T>
    typename std::enable_if<not std::is_same<std::string, T>::value, T>::type
    find(const std::string& k, T default_value, bool& found) const
    {
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, found);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found,
     *   specified as a string
     * @param found - set to true if the the parameter was found
     */
    template <class T>
    T find(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value, bool& found) const
    {
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, found);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * This version of find is only enabled for bool.  This
     * is required because a string literal will be preferentially
     * cast to a bool rather than a string.  This ensures that
     * find<bool> works correctly for string literals.  This class uses
     * SST::Core::from_string to do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found,
     *   specified as a string literal
     */
    template <class T>
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<bool, T>::value, T>::type
    find(const std::string& k, const char* default_value, bool& found) const
    {
        if ( nullptr == default_value ) { return find_impl<T>(k, static_cast<T>(0), found); }
        return find_impl<T>(k, std::string(default_value), found);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool),
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found
     */
    template <class T>
    T find(const std::string& k, T default_value) const
    {
        bool tmp;
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, tmp);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found,
     *   specified as a string
     */
    template <class T>
    T find(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value) const
    {
        bool tmp;
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, tmp);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * This version of find is only enabled for bool.  This
     * is required because a string literal will be preferentially
     * cast to a bool rather than a string.  This ensures that
     * find<bool> works correctly for string literals.This class uses
     * SST::Core::from_string to do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param default_value - Default value to return if parameter isn't found,
     *   specified as a string literal
     */
    template <class T>
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<bool, T>::value, T>::type
    find(const std::string& k, const char* default_value) const
    {
        bool tmp;
        if ( nullptr == default_value ) { return find_impl<T>(k, static_cast<T>(0), tmp); }
        return find_impl<T>(k, std::string(default_value), tmp);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a type T.
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) ,
     * a std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a std::string
     * as its only parameter.  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to
     * do the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     */
    template <class T>
    T find(const std::string& k) const
    {
        bool tmp;
        T    default_value = T();
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, tmp);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a
     * type T.  Type T must be either a basic numeric type , a
     * std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a
     * std::string as its only parameter.  This version of find is not
     * enabled for bool as it conflicts with find<bool>(string key, bool
     * default_value).  This class uses SST::Core::from_string to do
     * the conversion.
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param found - set to true if the the parameter was found
     */
    template <class T>
    typename std::enable_if<not std::is_same<bool, T>::value, T>::type find(const std::string& k, bool& found) const
    {
        T default_value = T();
        return find_impl<T>(k, default_value, found);
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a
     * vector of T's.  The array will be appended to
     * the end of the vector.
     *
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool) , a
     * std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a
     * std::string as its only parameter.  This class uses
     * SST::Core::from_string to do the conversion.  The values in the
     * array must be enclosed in square brackets ( [] ), and be comma
     * separated (commas in double or single quotes will not be
     * considered a delimiter).  If there are no square brackets, the
     * entire string will be considered one value and a single item
     * will be added to the vector.
     *
     * More details about parsing the values out of the string:
     *
     * Parses a string representing an array of tokens.  It is
     * tailored to the types strings you get when passing a python
     * list as the param string.  When you call addParam() on a python
     * list in the input file, it will call the str() function on the
     * list, which creates a string with the following format:
     *     [item1, item2, item3]
     *
     * The format of the items depends on where they came from.  The
     * string for the items are generated by calling the repr()
     * function on them.  For strings, this means they will typically
     * be enclosed in single quotes.  It is possible that they end up
     * enclosed in double quotes if the string itself contains a
     * single quote.  For strings which contain both single and double
     * quotes, the repr() will create a single quoted string with all
     * internal single quotes escaped with '\'.  Most other items used
     * in SST do not enclose the string in quotes, though any string
     * that contains a comma would need to be enclosed in quotes,
     * since the comma is the delimiter character used.  This is not
     * done automatically, so if you have something that generates a
     * commma in the string created by repr(), you may need to create
     * an array string manually.  Also, any string that starts with a
     * quote character, must end with the same quote character.
     *
     * Tokens are generated by splitting the string on commas that are
     * not within quotes (double or single).  All whitespace at the
     * beginning and end of a token is ignored (unless inside quotes).
     * Once the tokens are generated, any quoted string will have the
     * front and back quotes removed.  The '\' for any escaped quote
     * of the same type as the front and back is also removed.
     *
     * Examples:
     *
     * These will produce the same results:
     * [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     * ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
     *
     * Examples of strings using double and/or single quotes:
     * 'This is "a" test'  ->  This is "a" test
     * "This is 'a' test" -> This is 'a' test
     * 'This "is \'a\'" test'  -> This "is 'a'" test
     * 'This "is \"a\"" test'  -> This "is \"a\"" test
     *
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param vec - vector to append array items to
     */
    template <class T>
    void find_array(const key_type& k, std::vector<T>& vec) const
    {
        verifyKey(k);

        bool        found = false;
        std::string value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) return;
        // If string starts with [ and ends with ], it is considered
        // an array.  Otherwise, it is considered a single
        // value.
        if ( value.front() != '[' || value.back() != ']' ) {
            vec.push_back(convert_value<T>(k, value));
            return;
        }

        value = value.substr(1, value.size() - 2);

        // Get the tokens for the array
        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
        getDelimitedTokens(value, ',', tokens);

        // Clean up the tokens
        for ( auto& str : tokens ) {
            cleanToken(str);
        }

        // Convert each token into the proper type and put in output
        // vector
        for ( auto& val : tokens ) {
            vec.push_back(convert_value<T>(k, val));
        }
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a
     * set of T's.  The items will be added to the passed in set.
     *
     * Type T must be either a basic numeric type (including bool), a
     * std::string, or a class that has a constructor with a
     * std::string as its only parameter.  This class uses
     * SST::Core::from_string to do the conversion.  The values in the
     * set must be enclosed in curly braces ( {} ), and be comma
     * separated (commas in double or single quotes will not be
     * considered a delimiter).  If there are no curly braces, the
     * entire string will be considered one value and a single item
     * will be added to the set.
     *
     * More details about parsing the values out of the string:
     *
     * Parses a string representing a set of tokens.  It is
     * tailored to the types strings you get when passing a python
     * set as the param string.  When you call addParam() on a python
     * set in the input file, it will call the str() function on the
     * set, which creates a string with the following format:
     *     {item1, item2, item3}
     *
     * The format of the items depends on where they came from.  The
     * string for the items are generated by calling the repr()
     * function on them.  For strings, this means they will typically
     * be enclosed in single quotes.  It is possible that they end up
     * enclosed in double quotes if the string itself contains a
     * single quote.  For strings which contain both single and double
     * quotes, the repr() will create a single quoted string with all
     * internal single quotes escaped with '\'.  Most other items used
     * in SST do not enclose the string in quotes, though any string
     * that contains a comma would need to be enclosed in quotes,
     * since the comma is the delimiter character used.  This is not
     * done automatically, so if you have something that generates a
     * commma in the string created by repr(), you may need to create
     * an array string manually.  Also, any string that starts with a
     * quote character, must end with the same quote character.
     *
     * Tokens are generated by splitting the string on commas that are
     * not within quotes (double or single).  All whitespace at the
     * beginning and end of a token is ignored (unless inside quotes).
     * Once the tokens are generated, any quoted string will have the
     * front and back quotes removed.  The '\' for any escaped quote
     * of the same type as the front and back is also removed.
     *
     * Examples:
     *
     * These will produce the same results:
     * {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
     * {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5'}
     *
     * Examples of strings using double and/or single quotes:
     * 'This is "a" test'  ->  This is "a" test
     * "This is 'a' test" -> This is 'a' test
     * 'This "is \'a\'" test'  -> This "is 'a'" test
     * 'This "is \"a\"" test'  -> This "is \"a\"" test
     *
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param set - set to add items to (new items will overwrite old
     * items)
     */
    template <class T>
    void find_set(const key_type& k, std::set<T>& set) const
    {
        verifyKey(k);

        bool        found = false;
        std::string value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) return;

        // Python 2 seems to have a slightly different format when
        // str() is called on sets: set([a, b, c]).  We need to change
        // this to the expected format.
        if ( value.find("set([") == 0 ) {
            // Need to convert formats

            // take a substring with space at beginning and end to add
            // {}
            value                     = value.substr(4, value.length() - 5);
            value[0]                  = '{';
            value[value.length() - 1] = '}';
        }

        // If string starts with { and ends with }, it is considered
        // a set.  Otherwise, it is considered a single
        // value.
        if ( value.front() != '{' || value.back() != '}' ) {
            set.insert(convert_value<T>(k, value));
            return;
        }

        value = value.substr(1, value.size() - 2);

        // Get the tokens for the array
        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
        getDelimitedTokens(value, ',', tokens);

        // Clean up the tokens
        for ( auto& str : tokens ) {
            cleanToken(str);
        }

        // Convert each token into the proper type and put in output
        // vector
        for ( auto& val : tokens ) {
            set.insert(convert_value<T>(k, val));
        }
    }

    /** Find a Parameter value in the set, and return its value as a
     * map<keyT,valT>.  The items will be added to the passed in map.
     *
     * Types keyT and valT must be either a basic numeric type
     * (including bool), a std::string, or a class that has a
     * constructor with a std::string as its only parameter.  This
     * class uses SST::Core::from_string to do the conversion.  The
     * values in the map must be enclosed in curly braces ( {} ), the
     * key/value pairs must be comma separated (commas in double or
     * single quotes will not be considered a delimiter) and the key
     * and value in the pairs must be separated by a colon (colons in
     * double or single quotes will not be considered a delimiter).
     * If there are no curly braces, the function will throw an
     * std::invalid_argument exception without adding anything to the
     * map.
     *
     * More details about parsing the values out of the string:
     *
     * Parses a string representing a set of tokens.  It is
     * tailored to the types strings you get when passing a python
     * set as the param string.  When you call addParam() on a python
     * set in the input file, it will call the str() function on the
     * set, which creates a string with the following format:
     *     {key1 : value1, key2 : value2, key3 : value3}
     *
     * The format of each item depends on where it came from.  The
     * string for the items are generated by calling the repr()
     * function on them.  For strings, this means they will typically
     * be enclosed in single quotes.  It is possible that they end up
     * enclosed in double quotes if the string itself contains a
     * single quote.  For strings which contain both single and double
     * quotes, the repr() will create a single quoted string with all
     * internal single quotes escaped with '\'.  Most other items used
     * in SST do not enclose the string in quotes, though any string
     * that contains a comma would need to be enclosed in quotes,
     * since the comma is the delimiter character used.  This is not
     * done automatically, so if you have something that generates a
     * commma in the string created by repr(), you may need to create
     * an array string manually.  Also, any string that starts with a
     * quote character, must end with the same quote character.
     *
     * Tokens are generated by splitting the string on commas that are
     * not within quotes (double or single).  All whitespace at the
     * beginning and end of a token is ignored (unless inside quotes).
     * Once the tokens are generated, any quoted string will have the
     * front and back quotes removed.  The '\' for any escaped quote
     * of the same type as the front and back is also removed.
     *
     * Examples:
     *
     * These will produce the same results:
     * {"one" : 1, "two" : 2, "three" : 3, "Four" : 4}
     * {"one" :'1', "two" : '2', "three" : '3', "four" : '4'}
     *
     * Examples of strings using double and/or single quotes:
     * 'This is "a" test'  ->  This is "a" test
     * "This is 'a' test" -> This is 'a' test
     * 'This "is \'a\'" test'  -> This "is 'a'" test
     * 'This "is \"a\"" test'  -> This "is \"a\"" test
     *
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @param map - map to add items to (new items will overwrite old
     * items)
     */
    template <class keyT, class valT>
    void find_map(const key_type& k, std::map<keyT, valT>& map) const
    {
        verifyKey(k);

        bool        found = false;
        std::string value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) return;
        // If string starts with { and ends with }, it is considered
        // a map.  Otherwise, we will throw an exception.
        if ( value.front() != '{' || value.back() != '}' ) {
            std::string msg = "Invalid format for parameter to be parsed as a map: " + value;

            // Throw exception
            throw std::invalid_argument(msg);
        }

        value = value.substr(1, value.size() - 2);

        // Get the tokens
        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
        getDelimitedTokens(value, ',', tokens);

        // Now, we need to convert each of these to a key/value pair
        // separated by a colon
        std::vector<std::string> kvpair;
        for ( auto& x : tokens ) {
            kvpair.clear();
            getDelimitedTokens(x, ':', kvpair);

            if ( kvpair.size() != 2 ) {
                std::string msg = "Invalid format for map key/value pair: " + x;

                // throw exception
                throw std::invalid_argument(msg);
            }

            // Clean up the tokens
            cleanToken(kvpair[0]);
            cleanToken(kvpair[1]);

            // Insert into map, overwriting what might already be there
            map[convert_value<keyT>(k, kvpair[0])] = convert_value<valT>(k, kvpair[1]);
        }
    }

    /** Checks to see if the value associated with the given key is
     * considered to be an array.  A value is considered to be an
     * array if it is enclosed in square brackets ([]).  No whitespace
     * before or after the brackets is allowed.
     *
     * @param k - Parameter name
     * @return true if value is an array as described above, false otherwise.
     */
    bool is_value_array(const key_type& k) const
    {
        bool        found = false;
        std::string value = getString(k, found);
        if ( !found ) return false;
        // String should start with [ and end with ]
        if ( (value.find("[") == std::string::npos) || (value.find("]") == std::string::npos) ) { return false; }
        return true;
    }

    /** Print all key/value parameter pairs to specified ostream */
    void print_all_params(std::ostream& os, const std::string& prefix = "") const;
    /** Print all key/value parameter pairs to specified ostream */
    void print_all_params(Output& out, const std::string& prefix = "") const;

    /**
     * Add a key/value pair into the param object.
     *
     * @param key key to add to the map
     *
     * @param value value to add to the map
     *
     * @param overwrite controls whether the key/value pair will
     * overwrite an existing pair in the set
     */
    void insert(const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool overwrite = true);

    /**
     * Add contents of input Params object to current Params object.
     * This will also add any pointers to global param sets after the
     * existing pointers to global param sets in this object.
     *
     * @param params Params object that should added to current object
     */
    void insert(const Params& params);

    /**
       Get all the keys contained in the Params object.  This will
       give both local and global params.
     */
    std::set<std::string> getKeys() const;

    /**
     * Returns a new parameter object with parameters that match the
     * specified scoped prefix (scopes are separated with "."  The
     * keys will be stripped of the "scope." prefix.
     *
     * Function will search both local and global params, but all
     * params will be copied into the local space of the new Params
     * object.
     *
     * @param scope Scope to search (anything prefixed with "scope."
     * will be included in the return Params object
     *
     * @return New Params object with the found scoped params.
     */
    Params get_scoped_params(const std::string& scope) const;

    /**
     * Search the container for a particular key.  This will search
     * both local and global params.
     *
     * @param k   Key to search for
     * @return    True if the params contains the key, false otherwise
     */
    bool contains(const key_type& k) const;

    /**
     * @param keys   Set of keys to consider valid to add to the stack
     *               of legal keys
     */
    void pushAllowedKeys(const KeySet_t& keys);

    /**
     * Removes the most recent set of keys considered allowed
     */
    void popAllowedKeys();

    void serialize_order(SST::Core::Serialization::serializer& ser) override;
    ImplementSerializable(SST::Params)

private:
    //// Functions used by model descriptions and config graph
    //// outputters (classes that use it are friended below)
    friend class SST::ConfigGraph;
    friend class SST::ConfigComponent;
    friend class SST::Core::ConfigGraphOutput;
    friend class SST::SSTModelDescription;

    /**
     * @param k   Key to check for validity
     * @return    True if the key is considered allowed
     */
    void verifyParam(const key_type& k) const;

    /**
     * Adds a global param set to be looked at in this Params object
     * if the key isn't found locally.  It will search the global sets
     * in the order they were inserted and return immediately after
     * finding the key in one of the sets.
     *
     * @param set set to add to the search list for this object
     */
    void addGlobalParamSet(const std::string& set);

    /**
     * Adds a key/value pair to the specified global set
     *
     * @param set global set to add the key/value pair to
     *
     * @param key key to add to the map
     *
     * @param value value to add to the map
     *
     * @param overwrite controls whether the key/value pair will
     * overwrite an existing pair in the set
     */
    static void
    insert_global(const std::string& set, const key_type& key, const key_type& value, bool overwrite = true);

    /**
     * Get a named global parameter set.
     *
     * @param name Name of the set to get
     *
     * @return returns a copy of the reqeusted global param set
     *
     */
    static std::map<std::string, std::string> getGlobalParamSet(const std::string& name);

    /**
     * Get a vector of the names of available global parameter sets.
     *
     * @return returns a vector of the names of available global param
     * sets
     *
     */
    static std::vector<std::string> getGlobalParamSetNames();

    /**
     * Get a vector of the local keys
     *
     * @return returns a vector of the local keys in this Params
     * object
     *
     */
    std::vector<std::string> getLocalKeys() const;

    /**
     * Get a vector of the global param sets this Params object is
     * subscribed to
     *
     * @return returns a vector of the global param sets his Params
     * object is subscribed to
     *
     */
    std::vector<std::string> getSubscribedGlobalParamSets() const;


    // Private functions used by Params
    /**
     * @param k   Key to check for validity
     * @return    True if the key is considered allowed
     */
    void verifyKey(const key_type& k) const;


    // Private data
    std::map<uint32_t, std::string>               my_data;
    std::vector<std::map<uint32_t, std::string>*> data;
    std::vector<KeySet_t>                         allowedKeys;
    bool                                          verify_enabled;
    static bool                                   g_verify_enabled;

    static uint32_t getKey(const std::string& str);

    /**
     * Given a Parameter Key ID, return the Name of the matching parameter
     * @param id  Key ID to look up
     * @return    String name of the parameter
     */
    static const std::string& getParamName(uint32_t id);

    /* Friend main() because it broadcasts the maps */
    friend int ::main(int argc, char* argv[]);

    static std::map<std::string, uint32_t> keyMap;
    static std::vector<std::string>        keyMapReverse;
    static SST::Core::ThreadSafe::Spinlock keyLock;
    static SST::Core::ThreadSafe::Spinlock globalLock;
    static uint32_t                        nextKeyID;

    static std::map<std::string, std::map<uint32_t, std::string>> global_params;
};

#if 0
 class UnitAlgebra;

#define SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(type)                                          \
    template <>                                                                                   \
    type Params::find(const std::string& k, type default_value, bool& found) const;               \
    template <>                                                                                   \
    type Params::find(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value, bool& found) const; \
    template <>                                                                                   \
    type Params::find(const std::string& k, type default_value) const;                            \
    template <>                                                                                   \
    type Params::find(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value) const;              \
    template <>                                                                                   \
    type Params::find(const std::string& k) const;


 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(int32_t)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(uint32_t)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(int64_t)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(uint64_t)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(bool)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(float)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(double)
 SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(UnitAlgebra)

 // std::string has to be special cased because of signature conflicts
 // SST_PARAMS_DECLARE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION(std::string)
 template<>
 std::string Params::find<std::string>(const std::string& k, const std::string& default_value, bool &found) const;
#endif

} // namespace SST

#endif // SST_CORE_PARAMS_H