threadsafe.h

// Copyright 2009-2025 NTESS. Under the terms
// of Contract DE-NA0003525 with NTESS, the U.S.
// Government retains certain rights in this software.
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2025, NTESS
// All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of the SST software package. For license
// information, see the LICENSE file in the top level directory of the
// distribution.

#ifndef SST_CORE_THREADSAFE_H
#define SST_CORE_THREADSAFE_H

#if ( defined(__amd64) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) )
#include <x86intrin.h>
#define sst_pause() _mm_pause()
#elif (defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm) || defined(__aarch64__))
#define sst_pause() __asm__ __volatile__("yield")
#elif defined(__PPC64__)
#define sst_pause() __asm__ __volatile__("or 27, 27, 27" ::: "memory");
#else
#define sst_pause() std::this_thread::yield()
#endif

#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
// #include <stdalign.h>

#include "sst/core/profile.h"

#include <time.h>

namespace SST::Core::ThreadSafe {

#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8))
#define CACHE_ALIGNED(type, name) type name __attribute__((aligned(64)))
#define CACHE_ALIGNED_T
#else
#define CACHE_ALIGNED(type, name) alignas(64) type name
#define CACHE_ALIGNED_T           alignas(64)
#endif

class CACHE_ALIGNED_T Barrier
{
    size_t              origCount;
    std::atomic<bool>   enabled;
    std::atomic<size_t> count, generation;

public:
    Barrier(size_t count) :
        origCount(count),
        enabled(true),
        count(count),
        generation(0)
    {}

    // Come g++ 4.7, this can become a delegating constructor
    Barrier() :
        origCount(0),
        enabled(false),
        count(0),
        generation(0)
    {}

    /** ONLY call this while nobody is in wait() */
    void resize(size_t newCount)
    {
        count = origCount = newCount;
        generation.store(0);
        enabled.store(true);
    }

    /**
     * Wait for all threads to reach this point.
     * @return 0.0, or elapsed time spent waiting, if configured with --enable-profile
     */
    double wait()
    {
        double elapsed = 0.0;
        if ( enabled ) {
            auto startTime = SST::Core::Profile::now();

            size_t gen = generation.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
            asm("" ::: "memory");
            size_t c = count.fetch_sub(1) - 1;
            if ( 0 == c ) {
                /* We should release */
                count.store(origCount);
                asm("" ::: "memory");
                /* Incrementing generation causes release */
                generation.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
                __sync_synchronize();
            }
            else {
                /* Try spinning first */
                uint32_t count = 0;
                do {
                    count++;
                    if ( count < 1024 ) {
                        sst_pause();
                    }
                    else if ( count < (1024 * 1024) ) {
                        std::this_thread::yield();
                    }
                    else {
                        struct timespec ts;
                        ts.tv_sec  = 0;
                        ts.tv_nsec = 1000;
                        nanosleep(&ts, nullptr);
                    }
                } while ( gen == generation.load(std::memory_order_acquire) );
            }
            elapsed = SST::Core::Profile::getElapsed(startTime);
        }
        return elapsed;
    }

    void disable()
    {
        enabled.store(false);
        count.store(0);
        ++generation;
    }
};

#if 0
using Spinlock = std::mutex;
#else
class Spinlock
{
    std::atomic_flag latch = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;

public:
    Spinlock() {}

    inline void lock()
    {
        while ( latch.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire) ) {
            sst_pause();
#if defined(__PPC64__)
            __sync_synchronize();
#endif
        }
    }

    inline void unlock() { latch.clear(std::memory_order_release); }
};
#endif

class EmptySpinlock
{
public:
    EmptySpinlock() {}
    inline void lock() {}

    inline void unlock() {}
};

template <typename T>
class BoundedQueue
{

    struct cell_t
    {
        std::atomic<size_t> sequence;
        T                   data;
    };

    bool    initialized;
    size_t  dsize;
    cell_t* data;
    CACHE_ALIGNED(std::atomic<size_t>, rPtr);
    CACHE_ALIGNED(std::atomic<size_t>, wPtr);

public:
    // BoundedQueue(size_t maxSize) : dsize(maxSize)
    explicit BoundedQueue(size_t maxSize) :
        initialized(false)
    {
        initialize(maxSize);
    }

    BoundedQueue() :
        initialized(false)
    {}

    void initialize(size_t maxSize)
    {
        if ( initialized ) return;
        dsize = maxSize;
        data  = new cell_t[dsize];
        for ( size_t i = 0; i < maxSize; i++ )
            data[i].sequence.store(i);
        rPtr.store(0);
        wPtr.store(0);
        // fprintf(stderr, "%p  %p:  %ld\n", &rPtr, &wPtr, ((intptr_t)&wPtr - (intptr_t)&rPtr));
        initialized = true;
    }

    ~BoundedQueue()
    {
        if ( initialized ) delete[] data;
    }

    size_t size() const { return (wPtr.load() - rPtr.load()); }

    bool empty() const { return (rPtr.load() == wPtr.load()); }

    bool try_insert(const T& arg)
    {
        cell_t* cell = nullptr;
        size_t  pos  = wPtr.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
        for ( ;; ) {
            cell          = &data[pos % dsize];
            size_t   seq  = cell->sequence.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
            intptr_t diff = (intptr_t)seq - (intptr_t)pos;
            if ( 0 == diff ) {
                if ( wPtr.compare_exchange_weak(pos, pos + 1, std::memory_order_relaxed) ) break;
            }
            else if ( 0 > diff ) {
                // fprintf(stderr, "diff = %ld: %zu - %zu\n", diff, seq, pos);
                return false;
            }
            else {
                pos = wPtr.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
            }
        }
        cell->data = arg;
        cell->sequence.store(pos + 1, std::memory_order_release);
        return true;
    }

    bool try_remove(T& res)
    {
        cell_t* cell = nullptr;
        size_t  pos  = rPtr.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
        for ( ;; ) {
            cell          = &data[pos % dsize];
            size_t   seq  = cell->sequence.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
            intptr_t diff = (intptr_t)seq - (intptr_t)(pos + 1);
            if ( 0 == diff ) {
                if ( rPtr.compare_exchange_weak(pos, pos + 1, std::memory_order_relaxed) ) break;
            }
            else if ( 0 > diff ) {
                return false;
            }
            else {
                pos = rPtr.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
            }
        }
        res = cell->data;
        cell->sequence.store(pos + dsize, std::memory_order_release);
        return true;
    }

    T remove()
    {
        while ( 1 ) {
            T res;
            if ( try_remove(res) ) {
                return res;
            }
            sst_pause();
        }
    }
};

template <typename T>
class UnboundedQueue
{
    struct CACHE_ALIGNED_T Node
    {
        std::atomic<Node*> next;
        T                  data;

        Node() :
            next(nullptr)
        {}
    };

    CACHE_ALIGNED(Node*, first);
    CACHE_ALIGNED(Node*, last);
    CACHE_ALIGNED(Spinlock, consumerLock);
    CACHE_ALIGNED(Spinlock, producerLock);

public:
    UnboundedQueue()
    {
        /* 'first' is a dummy value */
        first = last = new Node();
    }

    ~UnboundedQueue()
    {
        while ( first != nullptr ) { // release the list
            Node* tmp = first;
            first     = tmp->next;
            delete tmp;
        }
    }

    void insert(const T& t)
    {
        Node* tmp = new Node();
        tmp->data = t;
        std::lock_guard<Spinlock> lock(producerLock);
        last->next = tmp; // publish to consumers
        last       = tmp; // swing last forward
    }

    bool try_remove(T& result)
    {
        std::lock_guard<Spinlock> lock(consumerLock);
        Node*                     theFirst = first;
        Node*                     theNext  = first->next;
        if ( theNext != nullptr ) { // if queue is nonempty
            result = theNext->data; // take it out
            first  = theNext;       // swing first forward
            delete theFirst;        // delete the old dummy
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    T remove()
    {
        while ( 1 ) {
            T res;
            if ( try_remove(res) ) {
                return res;
            }
            sst_pause();
        }
    }
};

// Replace with std::atomic_fetch_max at C++26
template <typename T>
void
atomic_fetch_max(std::atomic<T>& max_value, T const& new_value) noexcept
{
    T old_value = max_value;
    while ( old_value < new_value && !max_value.compare_exchange_weak(old_value, new_value) ) {}
}

// Replace with std::atomic_fetch_min at C++26
template <typename T>
void
atomic_fetch_min(std::atomic<T>& min_value, T const& new_value) noexcept
{
    T old_value = min_value;
    while ( old_value > new_value && !min_value.compare_exchange_weak(old_value, new_value) ) {}
}

} // namespace SST::Core::ThreadSafe

#endif // SST_CORE_THREADSAFE_H